Wannan ita ce kasida ta karshe a cikin jerin bangarori uku da ke yin nazari kan manyan matsalolin da ake fuskanta wajen cajin motocin jama’a da kuma yadda za a magance su (karanta kashi na 1 da kashi na 2).Canary ta gode wa EnergyHub don tallafawa wannan jerin.
Erica Myers na iya yin magana duk rana game da matsayin cajin abin hawa na lantarki.Bayan haka, wannan shine ainihin aikinta a matsayinta na shugabar ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin duniya waɗanda suka sadaukar da kansu don haɓaka su.
Duk da haka, za ta so a rage lokaci don yin muhawara game da batun cajin motocin lantarki da ke kan layi a kwanan nan: muhawara kan wane nau'in cajin motocin lantarki zai mamaye kasuwannin cajin gaggawa na Amurka.Yakin yana tsakanin Tesla ta mallakar mallakar Arewacin Amurka Charging Standard (NACS) da kuma tsarin cajin tsarin da ake amfani da shi a kusan kowace motar lantarki da aka sayar a cikin ƙasar - ko da yake hakan na iya canzawa nan da nan yayin da manyan masu kera motoci ke shirin ƙaura zuwa masu haɗin NACS masu dacewa a nan gaba. .samfurin abin hawa na lantarki.
Wannan baya nufin cewa cajin ma'auni ba su da mahimmanci.NisaAmma Myers, babban darektan Cibiyar Cajin Interface Initiative na Arewacin Amurka (CharIN), wanda ke da mambobi sama da 330, yana da ƙarin miliyan da ƙarin batutuwa masu mahimmanci don warwarewa.
"Mun wuce matsayin haɗin haɗin gwiwa," in ji ta. â�<“无论是什么阻碍了充电方面良好的消费者体验，这都是我们集中时间喜的曆中时间和和和中和和。 â�<“无论是什么阻碍了充电方面良好的消费者体验，这都是我们集中时间喜的曆中时间和和和中和和。"Duk abin da ke kawo cikas ga kwarewar cajin mabukaci shine inda muke mai da hankali kan lokacinmu da kuzarinmu.Tabbas, tabbatar da haɗin kai da haɓaka ƙa'idodi ma wani ɓangare ne na wannan."
A cikin Sashe na 1 da 2 na wannan silsilar, mun yi cikakken bayani game da matsalar rashin dogaro da kayan aikin cajin jama'a na EV a cikin ƙasar.Mun kuma bayyana yadda yunƙurin masana'antu da na gwamnati na inganta haɓaka aiki, gami da kira ga babban jarin tarayya a cajin motocin lantarki a tarihin Amurka, na iya samun cikas ta rashin bayanai.
Waɗannan batutuwan dogara sun fi yawa saboda rashin daidaituwa a cikin masana'antar caji ta Amurka EV.Sau da yawa direbobin motocin lantarki suna damun su ta hanyar cajin tashoshi waɗanda ba sa sadarwa yadda ya kamata tare da software na sarrafa cajin motar, ko ta hanyar tsarin biyan kuɗi waɗanda ba su dace da manhajar wayar hannu da suke saukewa ba.
"Lokacin da ka bude tashar mai, ka san cewa za ta yi aiki da motarka," in ji Myers. â�<“但是您对充电器的体验却不同。 â�<“但是您对充电器的体验却不同。"Amma kwarewar ku game da caja ta bambanta."
Ainihin, masana'antar na fuskantar babbar matsala ta haɗin kai: ƙyale caja na EV da masana'antun daban-daban suka yi, masu samar da caji daban-daban na cibiyar sadarwa, da amfani da software daga yawancin kamfanoni daban-daban don yin aiki tare da motocin da aka gina a duniya.DUNIYA - A halin yanzu, ana fitar da sabbin samfuran motocin lantarki da nau'ikan software.
Myers ya ce masu kera motoci masu gamsarwa, masu cajin motocin lantarki da yawa na kayan masarufi da masu samar da software waɗanda ke yi musu hidima don daidaita yadda fasaharsu ke aiki tare na iya zama muhimmiyar madaidaicin sauye-sauye zuwa motocin lantarki, share hanya don matsalolin daidaitawa da wuri.yi imani.
Myers da CharIN ba su ne kawai kamfanoni da ke neman daidaitawa don magance matsalolin masana'antu ba.Haka kuma yana daga cikin shirin gwamnatin tarayya na sanya miliyoyin motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki a hanya nan da karshen karni.
A cikin watan Fabrairu, gwamnatin Biden ta fitar da dokoki ga hukumomin gwamnati da abokan huldar su masu zaman kansu don neman tallafi a karkashin shirin samar da ababen more rayuwa na lantarki na kasa dala biliyan 5 (NEVI) wanda dokar samar da ababen more rayuwa ta 2021 ta kafa. ayyukan don amfani da fasahar tushen ma'auni don tabbatar da cewa za su iya yin hidima ga kowane direban motar lantarki a yau da kuma nan gaba.
Waɗannan ƙa'idodin na iya haifar da manyan canje-canje ga tsarin cajin EV mai ɓarna a cikin Amurka, amma idan kamfanoni a cikin masana'antar cajin EV za su iya tilasta su.
Alamu na matsalolin daidaitawa suna ko'ina a cikin kasuwar EV ta Amurka.Kamar yadda abubuwa ke tsaye, ba shi da sauƙi a sami amsoshin tambayoyi masu mahimmanci: wadanne fasahohi ne za su iya aiki tare?
John Smart, Daraktan Ƙwararrun Cajin Ƙasa (ChargeX) Alliance (ChargeX) Alliance (ChargeX) Alliance (ChargeX) Alliance (ChargeX). tsari tsakanin caja da ababen hawa don ƙirƙira da raba bayanan bincike na gama gari."Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ce ta jama'a da masu zaman kansu waɗanda Hukumar Hadin Gwiwar Makamashi da Sufuri ta tarayya ta ƙirƙira don sarrafa kuɗaɗen tarayya don cajin motocin lantarki.
"Halin da ake ciki yanzu shine dole ne a gwada kowace caja akan kowace abin hawa don tabbatar da dacewa - ba shakka wannan ba mai girma bane," in ji shi.
Wannan zane-zane daga littafin ChargeX yana nuna cakuda daidaitattun tsarin sadarwa da mara kyau tsakanin motocin lantarki, caja motocin lantarki, da dandamalin software na uwar garken da ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antu a halin yanzu.Wannan ya nuna yadda yake da wahala a samu su yi aiki tare cikin lumana.
Wani ɓangare na aikin ChargeX shine daidaitawa tare da masu kera motoci, masu kera caja, masu cajin jama'a na cibiyar sadarwa da masu haɓaka software da kuma cimma matsaya kan waɗanne fasahohin da za a yi amfani da su don magance matsalar.Amma dole ne waɗannan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce su shawo kan ɗan lokaci tsakanin saurin tura na'urorin caji na zamani da software da ƙoƙarin buɗe ƙa'idodin fasaha.
Mu dauki Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) a matsayin misali.Ka'idar sadarwa ce da ake amfani da ita sosai wacce Open Charging Alliance ke goyan bayanta kuma ta zama samfuri na farko don musanyawa lokacin caji, lafiya da bayanan aiki tsakanin tashoshin caji a Turai da Arewacin Amurka da tsarin bayan-karshen da ke sarrafa su.
Amma har zuwa kwanan nan, OCPP 1.6-wanda aka fi amfani da shi na daidaitattun, wanda aka fara fitarwa a cikin 2015-har yanzu yana da aibi mai mahimmanci, in ji Julian Offermann, Shugaba na S44, mai ba da cajin software na bude tushen EV wanda ke New Jersey.OCPP 1.6 baya baiwa ma'aikacin tsarin menu na lambobin kuskure don nuna takamaiman matsalar da ta sa lokacin caji ya gaza ko ƙarewa da wuri, amma a maimakon haka ya ƙunshi saƙon kuskure kawai.
"Rashin bayani game da abubuwan da ke cikin tashar cajin yana da wahala," in ji Offerman. â�<“如果您对这些系统没有清晰的监控，您就不知道出了什么问题。 â�<“如果您对这些系统没有清晰的监控，您就不知道出了什么问题。"Idan ba ku da sa ido kan waɗannan tsarin, ba ku san abin da ke faruwa ba."
ChargeX's Smart ya yarda cewa lambar kuskure guda ɗaya da OCPP 1.6 ta bayar yayi kama da "fita daga katin kurkuku" don masu kera tsarin kuɗi da masu gudanar da hanyar sadarwa waɗanda ke aiwatar da shi.Kowane mai yin caja ya ƙirƙira hanyoyi daban-daban don gano kurakuran abubuwan cikin gida, kuma samun duk masana'antun su amince da hanyar gama gari don canza waɗannan saƙonnin kuskuren mallakar su zuwa daidaitaccen tsarin rahoton bayanai yana da wahala.
Smart ya lura cewa sabon sigar ma'auni, OCPP 2.0.1, an sake shi a hukumance a cikin 2020 don gyara wannan batu ta haɗa da ƙarin lambobin kuskure, kuma ma'aunin NEVI yana buƙatar duk ayyukan ta amfani da kayan aikin sa don ɗaukar wannan sabon ƙa'idar. â�<“不过，充电站运营商在如何选择报告错误方面有很大的自由度，“他说。 â�<“不过，充电站运营商在如何选择报告错误方面有很大的自由度，“他说。"Duk da haka, masu gudanar da cajin tashoshi suna da zurfin tunani kan yadda suke ba da rahoton kurakurai," in ji shi.
Amma OCPP 2.0.1 ba ta "jituwa ta baya" tare da tsofaffin juzu'ai, yana haifar da ƙalubale don caji masu aiki da ke neman haɓaka cibiyoyin cajin da ke akwai don amfani da su.Wannan misali ne na yadda karɓowar fasaha a duniyar gaske ke saurin wuce gona da iri na ci gaban ƙa'idodi na tushen yarjejeniya.
Shirin NEVI yana ba da dama ga bukatun tarayya don ƙoƙarin magance waɗannan matsalolin tare da caja na gaba.A watan Nuwamba, ChargeX ya buga jerin mafi ƙarancin lambobin kuskure 26 da aka ba da shawarar.
"Muna ƙarfafa duk kamfanonin cajin EV da su yi amfani da wannan bayanan, aƙalla, ta yadda duk wanda ke da hannu wajen ganowa da warware matsalar za a iya fahimta da kuma fassara shi cikin sauƙi," in ji Smart.
Izinin biyan kuɗi shine maɓalli na gazawa kuma yana kwatanta wahalar aiwatar da ƙa'idodi a masana'antar cajin EV.A wani nazari da aka yi na caja motocin jama'a a yankin Los Angeles, 'yar jaridar Wall Street Journal Joanna Stern ta ziyarci caja fiye da 120 kuma kusan kashi 10 cikin 100 na su suna aiki, amma ba a karɓi katin kiredit ɗin ta ba.
S44's Offermann ya lura cewa aƙalla waɗannan tashoshin za su sami damar karɓar katunan kuɗi da zare kudi.Yawancin aikin tashar caji na EV na farko na masana'antu suna buƙatar direbobi su ɗauki takamaiman katin RFID ko maɓalli don kunna caji, kuma yawancin ma'aikatan tashar caji har yanzu suna ba da waɗannan ayyuka.Tun daga shekara ta 2010, tashoshin caji na jama'a sun fara ba da kayan aikin wayar hannu waɗanda direbobin EV za su iya amfani da su maimakon katunan ko maɓalli na maɓalli - haɓakawa a wasu hanyoyi, amma tsarin ya kasance mai ɓarna kuma wani lokacin har ma da takaici.
"Yana da wahala-dole ne ku zazzage wani app don fara caji," in ji Offerman.Duk da yake wannan na iya aiki ga wasu direbobin EV, "Ba na so in yi shiri gaba, sanin inda kuma yadda zan yi cajin," in ji shi.
Dokokin gwamnati suna ƙara tilastawa cibiyoyin caji suyi watsi da waɗannan hanyoyin mallakar mallaka kuma su karɓi katunan bashi da zare kudi maimakon.Amma canza gidajen mai don karɓar waɗannan hanyoyin biyan kuɗi yana zuwa da nasa ƙalubale.
信用卡和借记卡读卡器â�<“它们可能很笨重，可能会遭受大量磨损。市场开发和公共政策高级副总裁 Sara Rafalson 说。 <“它们可能很笨重，可能会遭受大量磨损。总裁 Sara Rafalson 说.Masu karanta katin kiredit da zare kudi "Suna iya zama masu girma, sun gaji da yawa, kuma suna buƙatar kulawa akai-akai," in ji Sarah Rafalson, babbar mataimakiyar shugabar ci gaban kasuwa da manufofin jama'a a EVgo.Dokokin NEVI da sauran shirye-shirye na tarayya na buƙatar tashoshi don karɓar katunan bashi da zare kudi, amma ta hanyar tsarin biyan kuɗi mara lamba wanda ya fi juriya fiye da goge ko saka fasaha.
Tsarin biyan kuɗi mai tsarki shine abin da ake kira "toshe da caji" aikin: biya don caji ta hanyar musayar bayanai ta atomatik tsakanin motar lantarki da dandalin caji.Wannan zai ba da damar direbobi su shiga kawai su fara caji, kawar da buƙatar maɓalli na RFID, aikace-aikacen wayar hannu, katunan kuɗi ko wasu hanyoyin biyan kuɗi.
A yau, Tesla Supercharger yana goyan bayan wannan fasalin-aiki mai sauƙi ga kamfani wanda ke da alaƙa da duk masu mallakar EV kuma ya haɗa fasahar motarsa da caja a tsaye.Sai dai Jonathan Levy, manajan daraktan kamfanin Kaluza na Amurka, mai ba da sabis na caji da software na sarrafa makamashi na motocin lantarki na Burtaniya, kuma tsohon babban jami'in kasuwanci na EVgo, ya ce har yanzu akwai sauran rina a kaba don cimma matakan toshe-da-wasa. .
Motocin lantarki na Tesla sun riga sun goyi bayan haɗin kai da caji, amma sauran kamfanoni a cikin masana'antar sun fara aiwatar da wannan fasalin ta hanyar daidaitaccen tsari da ake kira ISO 15118. Ayyukan da NEVI ke tallafawa dole ne su sami kayan aikin da suka dace da daidaitattun ISO 15118, "amma ba su ce ba. yana bukatar a aiwatar da shi nan take,” inji shi.
与此同时，美国主要的电动汽车公共充电网络已经建立â�<“漫渻的电动汽车公共充电网络已经建立â�<“漫渻的电动汽车公共充电网智能手机应用程序在另一家公司拥有的充电站上付款。 <“漫游协议”，允许一个网络的用一家公司拥有的充电站上付款。A halin da ake ciki, manyan cibiyoyin cajin motocin lantarki mallakar gwamnati a Amurka sun shiga “yarjejeniyoyin yawo” da ke ba masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa damar biya ta manhajojin wayar salula a tashoshin caji mallakar wani kamfani.Koyaya, waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin yawo ba su shafi duk masu samar da kuɗi ba.Haka kuma ba sa magance matsalar rashin wadatar wayar salula a wurare kamar wuraren ajiye motoci.
Bukatun NEVI da sauran shirye-shiryen tarayya sun gyara wannan.Nan da 2025, duk caja na tarayya dole ne su bi sabuwar sigar Buɗewar Yarjejeniyar Yawo ta Interface Interface, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa kowane direba zai iya amfani da kowace caja ta hanyar app guda ɗaya.
Bhaskar Deol, Shugaba na eDRV, ya ce halin da ake ciki a Turai ya sha bamban sosai.eDRV babbar manhaja ce ta haɓaka musaya ɗin shirye-shiryen aikace-aikacen (APIs) don caji tashoshi a ƙasashe da yawa.Shekaru da yawa, EU da Burtaniya suna da dokoki "suna buƙatar wani matakin nuna gaskiya game da farashin, ma'amalar sasantawa da samuwa", in ji shi.
"Na yi tafiya daga Netherlands zuwa kudancin Turai, ta cikin kasashe shida, inda nake da aikace-aikace da yawa - ba da dama ba, amma daya ko biyu - wanda ya taimake ni a hanya, ba tare da waɗannan labarun ban tsoro ba," in ji shi.Direbobin mota sukan ji.
CharIN's Myers kuma ya yi imanin Turai ta sami ƙarin ci gaba akan haɗin gwiwa.一个重要原因是â�<“由于更积极的激励措施和充电基础设施资金，欧盟的电少攱盟的电得日子。一个重要原因是â�<“由于更积极的激励措施和充电基础设施资金，欧盟的电少攱盟的电得日子。Babban dalilin shi ne cewa "lantarki yana faruwa a baya a cikin EU saboda ƙarin ƙarfafawa da kudade don cajin kayayyakin more rayuwa."
“Tasirin wannan yana da girma.A Norway, kusan kashi 100 na sabbin siyar da motoci motocin lantarki ne, "in ji ta. â�<“这主要是由于政府政策。 â�<“这主要是由于政府政策。“Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda manufofin gwamnati.Wannan shi ne inda muke ɗaukar ƙarin hanya ta hannu.NEVI yana da kyau, amma idan da mun yi shi a cikin 'yan shekarun baya da ya haifar da babban bambanci."
Shugabancin na Turai ya kuma baiwa masana'antar cajin motocin lantarki ƙarin lokaci don magance matsalolin bincike da gyara abubuwan da suka addabi aikin caja a Amurka, inda "bayanan ba su da yawa" game da abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawar caja cikin sauri da gazawar, in ji ta.
A ƙoƙarin sake fasalin kasuwannin Amurka tare da manyan masana'antar Turai, CharIN tana ɗaukar nauyin gwaje-gwajen gwaji da yawa na shekara-shekara wanda ya ƙunshi ɗimbin masu kera motoci da masu kera caja na EV.Manufar, in ji ta, ita ce a hanzarta haɓaka tsarin cimma daidaito na gaskiya tsakanin sabbin motocin lantarki da aka saki da kayan caji.Daga ƙarshe, tana fatan caji zai zama daidai kamar yadda Wi-Fi ko cibiyoyin sadarwar salula. â�<“这需要一段时间才能实现，而且我们是一个新行业。 â�<“这需要一段时间才能实现，而且我们是一个新行业。"Zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci kuma mu sabon masana'antu ne."
Ko masu kera motoci da direbobin EV sun yarda su jira wata tambaya ce.Yunkurin da Ford, General Motors da sauran masu kera motoci suka yi na canjawa daga tsarin cajin da suka dace da su zuwa na'urori masu dacewa da NACS a cikin samfuran motocin lantarkin da za su yi a nan gaba yana wakiltar wani muhimmin mataki na ci gaba, in ji Andrew Krulewitz, Shugaba na kamfanin hayar motocin lantarki, yana shawo kan wani mawuyacin hali. .haɓaka fasahar tushen ma'auni da ƙima.Fara Zevvy.A takaice, ya ce, masu kera motoci, sun gaji da rashin daidaituwa, suna neman tsaro a fasahar fasahar Tesla.
"Wannan ƙwarewar ita ce ainihin abin da kuke buƙata idan kun fitar da Tesla," in ji shi. â�<“[车内]的大屏幕会准确地告诉您要去哪里、有多少个摊位、需要幕会准确地告诉您要去哪里、有多少个摊位、需要幕会准确地告诉您要去哪里,一切就会正常.” â�<“[车内]的大屏幕会准确地告诉您要去哪里、有多少个摊位、需要幕会准确地告诉您要去哪里？一切就会正常.”"Babban allo [a cikin mota] yana nuna maka daidai inda za ku, rumfuna nawa ne, tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauka - kawai toshe shi kuma yana aiki."
Wannan yana nuna yadda aiwatar da caji mai haɗin kai amma na mallaka (maimakon tushen ƙa'idodi) na iya magance matsaloli da yawa.Masana masana'antu sun fahimci cewa mafi girman aiki da gamsuwa na hanyar sadarwa ta Supercharger na Tesla idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin sadarwa na Supercharger da wasu kamfanoni ke gudanarwa ya samo asali ne sakamakon yadda kamfanin ke kula da kowane bangare na ayyukansa da kuma sha'awar tabbatar da cewa yana aiki yadda ya kamata.Sanya gwaninta a matsayin santsi kuma marar wahala kamar yadda zai yiwu ga masu siyan EV.
Lokacin da ake ɗauka don haɓakawa da aiwatar da ƙa'idodi a cikin ainihin duniya na iya haifar da kamfanonin caja suyi tunanin sun fi ɗaukar littafin wasan kwaikwayo na Tesla da kuma riƙe iko da yawa akan tarin fasaha kamar yadda zai yiwu, maimakon jiran jinkirin ci gaba.Ƙarfafa haɓaka ƙa'idodin duniya don tabbatar da yanayin cajin EV mara kyau.
Kamar yadda wannan hanyar ta kasance mai ban sha'awa, duk wani kamfani da ke shirin cin gajiyar ɗimbin kuɗaɗen da gwamnati ke bayarwa a cikin cajin motocin lantarki zai yi wahala wajen kewaya ta.Dokokin NEVI suna buƙatar tashoshin caji guda ɗaya su dace da dandamalin software na wani mai kaya - ko dai don ba da damar canja wurin bayanan tsarin biyan kuɗi tsakanin masu kaya, ko kuma, a mafi munin yanayi, don ba da damar mai siyarwa ya karɓi abin da wani ke da shi a cikin kasuwancin. caji tashoshi a lokacin katsewar wutar lantarki.
"Kalubale a yanzu shine haɗin gwiwar hanyar sadarwa," in ji Carter Lee, Shugaba na Swtch, mai samar da software na motocin lantarki a Toronto, Kanada.Idan ɗayan kamfanoni ba su tabbatar da ƙoƙarin su ya cika ka'idodi ba, "waɗannan hanyoyin ba za su yi aiki ba."
A wasu kalmomi, batutuwan haɗin kai na iya zama makawa ko da kamfanoni masu biyan kuɗi sun yanke shawarar aiwatar da nasu fasahar haɗaɗɗen haɗe-haɗe da ke waje da haɓakar ma'aunin muhallin fasaha.S44's Offermann ya ce wannan shi ne babban dalilin da ya sa ka'idodin fasahar kasuwa-kasuwa kamar lissafin girgije da sadarwa suna doke mafita na gida.Duk da haka, har yanzu ba a ga irin wannan yanayin ba a masana'antar cajin motocin lantarki.
"Kusan shekaru 10 yanzu, muna da cibiyar cajin' Tesla 'rufe' wanda bai amfana da sauran direbobi ba," in ji shi.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-14-2024